In Ontario, OHIP (Ontario Health Insurance Plan) typically covers consultations with physicians, including family doctors and specialists, for medically necessary services. This coverage extends to consultations related to various health concerns, including acne treatment, if deemed necessary by the physician.

For patients with an invalid/expired health card or for patients who do not have a health card, there would be a consultation fee.

Yes, we accept all major insurance plans for international students and uninsured individuals. Direct billing is available with our affiliated insurance partners. Coverage and eligibility vary by insurer. Please check your policy for coverage eligibility. For non-affiliated insurance partners, patients are required to pay a consultation fee. A receipt will be issued for you to reimburse to your insurance company for assessment of reimbursement.

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of brown or gray-brown patches, primarily on the face. It often occurs on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip, but can also appear on other sun-exposed areas of the body. The exact cause of melasma isn't fully understood, but it's thought to be linked to hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills, as well as sun exposure and genetic predisposition.

Several factors can trigger or exacerbate melasma. The most significant is sun exposure; UV rays can stimulate melanocytes (the cells that produce pigment) and worsen pigmentation. Hormonal fluctuations due to pregnancy, hormonal treatments, or oral contraceptives are also major contributors. Additionally, skin irritants from skincare products or harsh chemicals may provoke melasma in susceptible individuals.

Melasma is more prevalent in women, particularly those of darker skin types, such as Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern backgrounds. However, it can also affect men, albeit less frequently. Individuals with a family history of melasma are at a higher risk. Pregnant women may experience what is commonly referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," due to hormonal changes.

Diagnosis of melasma typically involves a thorough examination of the skin by a dermatologist, who will assess the pattern and location of the pigmentation. In some cases, a Wood's lamp examination may be performed, which uses UV light to evaluate the depth of pigmentation. This helps distinguish melasma from other skin conditions with similar appearances, such as sunspots or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Treatment for melasma can vary based on severity and skin type. Common options include topical treatments, such as hydroquinone, which lightens dark patches, as well as retinoids and corticosteroids that may improve skin tone. Chemical peels and laser therapy can also be effective for stubborn cases. However, it’s important to consult with a dermatologist to determine the best approach tailored to individual skin needs and to avoid potential side effects.

Prevention of melasma largely focuses on sun protection. Wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days, is crucial. Additionally, wearing protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses, can minimize UV exposure. Avoiding known triggers, such as hormonal medications, and using gentle skincare products can also help reduce the risk of developing melasma.

While melasma can be persistent and challenging to treat, it is not necessarily permanent. With appropriate care and treatment, many individuals see significant improvement. However, melasma can recur, especially with sun exposure or hormonal changes, so ongoing management is often necessary to maintain results.

Yes, certain lifestyle changes can positively impact melasma. A healthy diet rich in antioxidants, staying hydrated, and avoiding smoking can support overall skin health. Additionally, managing stress levels through mindfulness or exercise can help, as stress may contribute to hormonal fluctuations that exacerbate melasma. Regular dermatologist visits for skin assessments and treatment adjustments are also beneficial.